Learning and cognition paper Essay

acquirement as it is comm scarce used is defined as the acquisition of knowledge, skills, behavior, preferences and understanding from experiences, whether real, induced or vicarious. Technically, however, accomplishment is used more by and large by the psychologists, making it almost impractical to give it an exact definition. What can only be d wholeness is to describe it in terms of phenomena to which it can or can non be applied. For example, psychologists say that information need non be correct or adaptive, or it does not have to be cognizant or deliberate (Hill, 1980).This process is not secureed to humans. Animals, and even machines may overly undergo this process, although each respective(prenominal)s learning processes follow contrasting learning curves. The role of behavior in an item-by-items learning process is opera hat explained by Banduras brotherly Learning Theory. This theory posits that personistics learn by observing, imitating and b high society some other singulars skills, behaviors and attitudes, in relation to the placecomes of much(prenominal) skills, behaviors and attitudes.The information gathered from these behaviors, skills and attitudes then, are interpreted, consciously or unconsciously to determine whether much(prenominal) behaviors, skills and attitudes would be serve some coming(prenominal) beneficial purpose (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009). In other words, people use these behaviors and its consequences as drop dead for their subsequent behaviors. 2. What are the two different fibres of learning? The two types of learning usually examined by psychologists are classical learn and operant peg downing.Classical conditioning is the type of learning wherein a reflexive chemical reply is elicited by a foreplay (stimulus B) which is different from the stimulus (stimulus A) that originally evoked such reflexive response (Learning and Conditioning, 2009). For example, a man-to-man had very fond memories of his/her tenth birthday which was held at restaurant A. When asked what his/ front-runner restaurant is, that person would immediately ejaculate out restaurant A.In this example, the demonstrable feeling brought about by the memories of the persons 10th birthday had been transferred, or rather, had been extended to the place where the persons birthday was held. The other type of learning is called Operant conditioning. This is the type of learning wherein penalization causes the weakening or non- accompaniment of a non-reflexive behavior, and reinforcement strengthens a non-reflexive behavior. Unlike classical conditioning, in operant conditioning, an individual has more control.Meaning, presentation of a stimulus does not inevitably mean that a legitimate reaction volition be evoked. In order to receive a certain reinforcement, an individual must behave in certain manner (Learning and Conditioning, 2009). One example of operant conditioning involves a professors a ttempt to improve his students attendance. To do this, he made a rule that students who give a certain number of absences will have an automatic one-point deduction in their final grades. Although he said null about any reward for panoptic attendance, the threat of lower grades forced the students to limit their absences.3. What is the relationship between learning and condition? Provide a specific example. dungaree Piagets theory of cognition lays out 4 microscope stages of cognition that is experienced by shaverren as they progress. From the sensorimotor period when the tikes cognitive corpse is unbosom contain to his/her motor reflexes, the cognitive system will develop to preoperational thought wherein a child acquires representational skills especially in mental imagery and language. The third stage is the concrete operations wherein the child acquires an index to take another persons point of view.Lastly, although, not everyone reaches this stage, a child becomes ca pable of logical and abstract intellection (Sandwell, 1995). Learning as defined anterior refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills and behavior based on experience. Note that the definition involves the world acquisition. Naturally, for an individual who learns and therefore undergo the process of acquisition, he/she should have the capacity to acquire. This is where cognition comes in. anticipate that Piagets theory is indubitable, each individual must necessarily be in one of the quartet stages.It is the individuals ability or capacity as described in each of the four stages that limits the knowledge, skills or behavior that such individual can acquire or learn. An individual who is still in level one of Piagets cognitive development cannot be expected to reason out with a person who has already attained a Doctorate degree since his/her cognition is limited to motor skills. Such individual cannot as well be expected to understand or learn Algebra because such requires logic and therefore the skills attained in Piagets one-fourth stage.References Hill, W.(1980). Learning A survey of mental interpretations. Taylor and Francis USA. Learning and Conditioning. (2009). Alleydog. Retrieved 26 April 2009 from http//www. alleydog. com/101notes/conditioning. hypertext markup language. Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2009). Social Learning Theory (Bandura) at Learning-Theories. com. Retrieved April 27, 2009 from http//www. learning-theories. com/social-learning-theory-bandura. html Sandwell, J. (1995). Piagets stage theory of development. Retrieved 26 April 2009 from http//penta. ufrgs. br/edu/telelab/3/piaget%27s. htm.